拉丁文課堂札記 - 形容詞比較級

比較級變化法
屬格字根 + ior + 名詞第三類變化字尾。
(中性主賓格則改用 -ius)

[例]prudens, entis
 陽、陰
prudentiorprudentioresprudentiusprudentiora
prudentioremprudentioresprudentiusprudentiora
prudentiorisprudentiorum同陰陽性單數變化同陰陽性複數變化
prudentioriprudentioribus同陰陽性單數變化同陰陽性複數變化
prudentioreprudentioribus同陰陽性單數變化同陰陽性複數變化

特例
  1. bonus, a, um (bon) => melior, melior, melius
  2. malus, a, um (mauvais) => pejor, pejor, pejus
  3. magnus, a, um (grand) => major, major, majus
  4. parvus, a, um (petit) => minor, minor, minus
  5. multi, ae, a (nombreux) => plures, plures, plura


最高級變化法
形容詞字根 + issim + 形容詞第一類變化字尾。

[例]altus, a, um (haut, profond)
 
altissimusaltissimialtissimaaltissimaealtissimumaltissima
altissimumaltissimosaltissimamaltissimasaltissimumaltissima
altissimialtissimorumaltissimaealtissimarumaltissimialtissimorum
altissimoaltissimisaltissimaealtissimisaltissimoaltissimis
altissimoaltissimisaltissimaaltissimisaltissimoaltissimis

特例
  1. bonus => optimus
  2. malus => pessimus
  3. magnus => maximus
  4. parvus => minimus
  5. multi => plurimi
  6. 以 -er 結尾的形容詞 => 字根 + -rimus
    如:miser => miserrimus
  7. 以 -lis 結尾的形容詞 => 字根 + -limus
    如:facilis => facillimus

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