[譯] 七個與《權力遊戲》相似的歷史事件

原文：7 Historical Parallels to Game of Thrones
作者：CHRISTIAN BOND
繙譯：煢煢白兔

1. 國王喬弗里 = 蘭開斯特家愛德華
　　邪惡的國王喬弗里，其惡毒似乎根源於歷史。蘭開斯特家愛德華，是國王亨利六世與安如家瑪格麗特的兒子。與喬弗里一樣，也有傳聞說他是私生子。他也和喬弗里一樣脾氣暴躁，喜歡將仇敵斬首。米蘭大使曾寫道：「這個小子，年僅十三歲，嘴裏卻盡是砍頭、開戰等語，彷彿他手裏握有一切，自以為是戰神，是平穩的在位者。」歷史也給了愛德華應得的懲罰：被約克家的愛德華四世刺殺身亡，就像羅柏·史塔克一樣。

2. 席恩·葛雷喬伊 = 金雀花家喬治（首任克拉倫斯公爵）
　　席恩在領主艾達·史塔克的監護下，於臨冬城長大，是羅柏的代兄弟。五王之戰爆發後，席恩是羅柏底下甚可信賴的參謀，卻在銜羅柏之命，前去面見其父巴隆·葛雷喬伊之後，選擇倒戈，領兵入侵北地。
　　席恩在史實中的相應者，是約克家愛德華四世之弟——金雀花家喬治。與席恩一樣，他以約克家忠實守護者之姿，參與了薔薇戰爭。與席恩更為相像之處是，金雀花家喬治也在薔薇戰爭中背叛蘭開斯特家，轉而對付其兄。愛德華在贏得戰爭後，以變節一事，將喬治置入酒桶中淹死。比起席恩所受的虐待，這個懲罰仁慈多了。

3. 紅教 = 祆教
　　劇集中，史坦尼斯聽取了「紅女」梅麗珊卓的建議。她所拜的，是異國的光之主拉赫洛。拉赫洛信仰似乎是根源自古波斯的祆教。在祆教中，火被視為靈魂意識與智慧的媒介。參拜者時常在火前或火廟裏祈禱。與光之主的信徒一樣，祆教也強調善惡（在劇集中，則是「光之主」與「外之力」）之間的纏鬥，與二元對立。至於魔影嬰兒，迄今仍無證據證明其確實存在。

4. 詹姆·蘭尼斯特 = 伯理興根家哥特佛里（Gottfried von Berlichingen）
　　在《權力遊戲》第四季首集中，詹姆·蘭尼斯特得到一隻金光閃閃的黃金手臂，用以替代他被斬斷的手。不過，弒君者其實是走了伯理興根家哥特佛里（又稱為鐵手哥次）的老路。哥次與詹姆一樣，出生於貴族世家，後來成為帝國騎士。哥次的手在戰場上被大砲炸掉，但他並沒有因此而打退堂鼓，反而設計了一隻鐵手，再度回到戰場上。他的名言是「他可以舔我的屁股」（er kann mich am Arsche lecken），這也使他成為《Futurama》中班德（Bender）的前輩（按：一卡通人物）。

5. 萊安娜·史塔克 = 盧克利底亞（Lucretia）
　　萊安娜·史塔克是艾達·史塔克之妹，也是勞勃·拜拉席恩的唯一真愛。沒有在劇中出現的她，遭到雷加·坦格里安誘拐，進而引發了勞勃叛亂，而勞勃也因此坐上鐵王座。盧克利底亞是羅馬人物，她在受到伊特拉士坎國王之子強姦後自殺。這場悲劇引起了革命，使得君主制遭到推翻，羅馬共和因而建立。她的遺言「請向我保證，那個強姦者不會安然無懲」，似乎也像萊安娜的遺言「答應我，奈德……」一樣。

6. 黑水灣之戰 = 第二次阿拉伯圍攻君士坦丁堡
　　黑水灣之戰是指史坦尼斯·拜拉席恩攻打君臨城一戰。該戰是第二季倒數第二集的焦點所在。提利昂以野火（一種可以在水上燃燒的化學物質）擊敗了史坦尼斯的海軍。提利昂的這個想法，很可能就是學習自第二次阿拉伯圍攻君士坦丁堡之戰。在該戰中，守城者使用了希臘火（一種類似的物質）來擊退入侵者。此外，在書中，提利昂還用了一條巨鏈，來切斷史坦尼斯的海軍，這顯然也是來自於君士坦丁堡大鏈，它也同樣運用於第二次阿拉伯圍城一戰。

7. 紅色婚禮，源自《古事記》
　　《權力遊戲》中的「紅色婚禮」是電視史上令人極為震憾的一幕。泰溫·蘭尼斯特（與盧斯·波頓、瓦爾德·佛雷串通）殺害了羅柏·史塔克，以一曲〈卡斯特梅爾之雨〉終止了北方叛亂。據說，紅色婚禮是源自於英格蘭的二場大屠殺，不過古日本的一個事件也有相似之處：半歷史半神話的《古事記》中，按年代記載了日本首任統治者神武天皇的崛起。在《古事記》的第二部分裏，描述了神武天皇如何鞏固權力：他在宴會中將所有政敵屠殺殆盡。與紅色婚禮一樣，在屠殺前也有一首歌，由神武天皇親口唱出。

7 Historical Parallels to Game of Thrones BY CHRISTIAN BOND When creating his highly detailed fantasy world, George R.R. Martin based much of Game of Thrones on medieval European history. In particular, Martin drew heavily from the War of the Roses, which pitted the honorable North against the cunning South. We've written about how The Red Wedding was based on two historical events. Here are seven more possible historical connections. (We don't know how far you've made it into the show/books, so assume there are spoilers ahead.) 1. King Joffrey is Edward of Lancaster. As evil as he is, King Joffrey's vicious personality seems to be rooted in history. Edward of Lancaster was the son of King Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou—and, like Joffrey, he was rumored to be of illegitimate birth. Also like Joffrey, Edward had a touch of madness, and he shared Joffrey’s affinity for lopping off the heads of his enemies. The Ambassador of Milan once wrote, "This boy, though only 13 years of age, already talks of nothing but of cutting off heads or making war, as if he had everything in his hands or was the god of battle or the peaceful occupant of that throne." History also gave Edward his comeuppance: he was stabbed to death by Edward IV of York, the real-life equivalent of Robb Stark. 2. Theon Greyjoy is George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence. Theon grew up in Winterfell as a ward to Lord Eddard Stark and a surrogate brother to Robb. Following the outbreak of the War of the Five Kings, Theon was one of Robb’s most trusted advisors. After Robb sent Theon to meet with his father, Balon Greyjoy, Theon turned on his friend and invaded the North. Theon's historical counterpart, George Plantagenet, was brother to Edward IV of York and, like Theon, began the War of the Roses as a staunch York defender. Much like Theon, George Plantagenet turned on his brother during the War of the Roses and defected to the Lancasters. After Edward won the war, George was drowned in a butt of wine for his treason, which is a much kinder punishment than the many atrocities that Theon has endured. 3. The Red Faith is Zoroastrianism. In the show, Stannis follows the advice of the “Red Woman,” Melisandre, who worships a foreign lord of light, R’hllor. The faith of the R’hllor appears to be based on the ancient Persian religion Zoroastrianism. In Zoroastrianism, fire is considered a medium for spiritual awareness and wisdom, with worshipers often praying in the presence of fire or in fire temples. Like the followers of The Lord of Light, Zoroastrianism also stresses a great struggle and the duality between good and evil (in the series it is referred to as “The Lord of Light” and “The Great Other”). As of right now, there is no evidence to suggest that demon shadow babies actually existed. 4. Jaime Lannister is Gottfried von Berlichingen. In Game of Thrones' season four premiere, Jaime Lannister received a shiny new gold hand to replace the one that was hacked off. The Kingslayer, however, follows in the footsteps of Gottfried von Berlichingen, or as he was known, "Gotz of the Iron Hand." Like Jaime, Gotz was born to a noble family before serving as an Imperial Knight. During battle, Gotz's hand was blown off by a cannon. Not easily deterred, Gotz designed a prosthetic iron hand and returned to combat. He's well known for his catchphrase, "er kann mich am Arsche lecken" ("he can lick my arse"), which also makes him a precursor to Futurama's Bender. 5. Lyanna Stark is Lucretia. Lyanna Stark was the sister of Eddard Stark and the one true love of Robert Baratheon. While never depicted in the television show, her alleged kidnapping by Rhaegar Targaryen and the events that followed sparked Robert's Rebellion, which landed him on the Iron Throne. Lucretia is a Roman figure who committed suicide after being raped by the Etruscan king's son, a tragedy that sparked the revolution to overthrow the monarchy and establish the Roman Republic. Her last words, "Pledge me your solemn word that the adulterer shall not go unpunished," also seem to mimic Lyanna's famous final words, "Promise me, Ned..." 6. The Battle of Blackwater Bay is The Second Arab Siege of Constantinople. The Battle of Blackwater Bay—when Stannis Baratheon attempted to siege the capital of King’s Landing—was the focus of the penultimate episode of season two. Stannis was defeated after Tyrion attacked his navy with wildfire, a chemical that burns on water. Tyrion might have gotten this idea from The Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, where Greek Fire, a similar substance, was used to repel invaders. Additionally, in the books, Tyrion employed a giant chain to cut through Stannis’ navy, which is clearly inspired by the Great Chain of Constantinople, also used in The Second Arab Siege. 7. The Red Wedding is from the Kojiki. Game of Thrones' "Red Wedding" is one of the most shocking moments in TV history. In one move, Tywin Lannister (in collusion with the Roose Bolton and Walder Frey) kills Robb Stark and ends the northern rebellion with "The Rains of Castamere." The Red Wedding is said to be based on two British massacres, but it also draws parallels to an ancient Japanese event: the Kojiki, a half-historical, half-mythological text that chronicles the rise of Japan's first ruler, Emperor Jimmu. The second part of the Kojiki describes how Jimmu consolidated his power: by murdering all of his political rivals at a feast. Like the Red Wedding, the start of the massacre was a song, this one sung by Jimmu himself.